Multilingual quality of drug names in Wikidata

Wikidata is a CC0 knowledge graph whose multilingual labels are reused by Wikipedia infoboxes, identifier-translation services and multilingual term search. We froze the labels of all 3,768 Wikidata items that carry an ATC code (P267) in 20 languages (34,207 labels), plus 10,823 items with ICD-10/ICD-11 codes. Seven rule-based detectors flag labels in the wrong script, brand names, salt/parent mismatches, shared labels, departures from the WHO INN, malformed ICD codes and obsolete ATC codes. A stratified random sample of 118 flags was reviewed one by one by the study agent, an LLM-based agent (see paper.md §3.1).

Script (0.71 drugs, 0.93 diseases), brand (0.83), shared-label (1.00), ICD-10 format (13/13) and obsolete-ATC (5/5) flags were mostly correct. INN (0.19), salt/parent (0.26) and duplicate-ATC (0/4) flags were not, and ICD-11 is undetermined (1/2).

About 0.9% of drug labels are wrong (≈312 of 34,207; 0.5% at the lower 95% CI bounds of precision). This is a lower bound with respect to recall. Errors concentrate in Urdu (39 per 1,000 labels), Persian (35), Russian (28) and Hindi (25), against 2–4 per 1,000 in the major Latin-script languages (excluding English). They include:

• brand names (Seroquel, Lyrica, Arcoxia);
• English text and misspellings;
• an unrelated personal name: fa «mohamad» on belimumab;
• labels that name a different substance («pregabalin» on flumequine, «omeprazole» on esomeprazole).

In ICD-10 (P494), 2.5% of values are invalid, ranges excluded; 44 show the same repeated-code corruption («B2424.» for HIV/AIDS, «I10-I1515.» for hypertension). In ATC, 3.3% of statements are codes replaced (WHO alterations list) but still ranked normal.

Six of the seven errors from our earlier review (an exploratory check of 59 chronic-treatment drugs and 34 chronic diseases) were still present; the seventh was only partly fixed.

We propose 135 corrections, reviewed one by one by the study agent, as a QuickStatements proposal (corrections.qs). The proposal has not been applied: re-check each lastrevid and discuss at WikiProject Medicine first. We have not edited Wikidata.